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عمومی::
استقلال شغلی
Job characteristics refer to the factors that comprise the overall work situation for the employee and include job variety, job autonomy, job stress, and cognitive dissonance from role strain (Hackman & Lawler, 1971; Price & Mueller, 1986).
Job autonomy refers to the freedom to exercise professional discretion and operate independently within the organization (Mathieu & Zajac, 1990).
A measure of job autonomy was created with four survey items similar to those used by Ford and associates (2003).
Specifically, supervisor feedback, perceived organizational support, peer cohesion, organizational size, job variety, and job autonomy had positive correlations with organizational commitment, whereas job stress, negative attitudes toward citizens, and attitudes of low legalistic enforcement had negative correlations.
Job autonomy was positively correlated with organizational com- mitment, and the two measures of role dissonance had negative effects on organizational commitment.
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